{"id":1857,"date":"2026-03-04T15:53:48","date_gmt":"2026-03-04T15:53:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/blog\/?p=1857"},"modified":"2026-03-14T16:08:00","modified_gmt":"2026-03-14T16:08:00","slug":"best-estimating-software-for-construction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/blog\/best-estimating-software-for-construction\/","title":{"rendered":"What Is the Best Estimating Software for Construction?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>best estimating software for construction<\/strong> helps contractors calculate project costs, perform quantity takeoffs, and prepare accurate bids. These digital tools replace manual spreadsheets and allow estimators to measure materials, calculate labor costs, and generate professional estimates quickly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Construction projects require precise cost calculations to remain profitable. Estimating software helps contractors avoid errors, control budgets, and submit competitive bids.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Understanding the top construction estimating tools helps contractors choose software that improves estimating accuracy and efficiency. This guide explains the best estimating software options available for construction professionals in 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Does Construction Estimating Software Do?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Construction estimating software<\/strong> is designed to automate the cost estimation process for construction projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These platforms help contractors perform several key tasks:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Digital <strong>quantity takeoffs<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Material cost calculations<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Labor cost estimation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bid preparation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cost reporting and analysis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Many contractors combine estimating tools with professional <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/estimating-consultant\">construction cost estimating services<\/a><\/strong> to improve accuracy for complex projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Best Estimating Software for Construction Contractors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Below are some of the most widely used estimating software platforms in the construction industry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. PlanSwift<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>PlanSwift is one of the most popular digital takeoff and estimating tools used by contractors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Digital plan measurement<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Drag-and-drop estimating<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Material quantity takeoffs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Excel integration<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Custom assemblies<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Best For<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Small to mid-sized contractors who need reliable takeoff and estimating tools.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. ProEst<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>ProEst is a cloud-based construction estimating software designed for commercial contractors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cloud-based estimating platform<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Integrated cost database<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bid management tools<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Automated proposal generation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Collaboration features<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Best For<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Large contractors working on commercial construction projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Bluebeam Revu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bluebeam Revu is widely used for plan review and digital takeoffs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>PDF plan markup<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Measurement tools<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Document collaboration<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Project drawing management<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Best For<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Contractors performing digital takeoffs from construction drawings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"559\" src=\"https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Whisk_b6132ff704c9e86a7ce47e71ea5450b9dr-1024x559.jpeg\" alt=\"Best Estimating Software for Construction : estimator performing digital quantity takeoff from construction plans\" class=\"wp-image-1859\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Whisk_b6132ff704c9e86a7ce47e71ea5450b9dr-1024x559.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Whisk_b6132ff704c9e86a7ce47e71ea5450b9dr-300x164.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Whisk_b6132ff704c9e86a7ce47e71ea5450b9dr-768x419.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Whisk_b6132ff704c9e86a7ce47e71ea5450b9dr.jpeg 1408w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Digital takeoff tools allow contractors to measure materials directly from plans.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. STACK Construction Technologies<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>STACK is a cloud-based construction estimating and takeoff platform designed for modern contractors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cloud-based takeoff tools<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Material and labor cost tracking<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Real-time collaboration<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Project cost analysis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Best For<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>General contractors managing multiple construction projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. CostX<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>CostX is advanced estimating software often used by professional estimators and quantity surveyors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Features<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>2D and 3D takeoff capabilities<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>BIM integration<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Advanced cost analysis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Detailed reporting<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Best For<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Large construction firms and professional estimating teams.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Construction Estimating Software Comparison<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Software<\/th><th>Best For<\/th><th>Key Feature<\/th><th>Platform<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>PlanSwift<\/td><td>Small contractors<\/td><td>Digital takeoffs<\/td><td>Desktop<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ProEst<\/td><td>Commercial contractors<\/td><td>Bid management<\/td><td>Cloud<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bluebeam Revu<\/td><td>Plan review<\/td><td>PDF takeoffs<\/td><td>Desktop\/Cloud<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>STACK<\/td><td>General contractors<\/td><td>Cloud collaboration<\/td><td>Cloud<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CostX<\/td><td>Large projects<\/td><td>BIM estimating<\/td><td>Desktop<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Benefits of Using Construction Estimating Software<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Using <strong>construction cost estimating software<\/strong> provides several advantages for contractors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Faster Estimating<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Digital takeoff tools significantly reduce the time required to prepare project estimates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Improved Accuracy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Automated calculations reduce the risk of human error.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Better Bid Preparation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Estimating software helps contractors create professional bid proposals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Project Cost Control<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Contractors can track estimated vs actual project costs more effectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Even with advanced software, many contractors still rely on <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/quantity-takeoff-services\">quantity takeoff services<\/a><\/strong> or <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/material-takeoff-services\">material takeoff services<\/a><\/strong> for complex projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to Choose the Best Construction Estimating Software<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Selecting the <strong>best estimating software for construction<\/strong> depends on several factors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Company Size<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Small contractors often prefer simple tools, while large firms need enterprise-level software.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Project Type<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Commercial construction projects often require BIM-enabled estimating software.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Budget<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Estimating software pricing varies significantly depending on features and licensing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Integration Capabilities<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Contractors should ensure their estimating software integrates with accounting and project management platforms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"559\" src=\"https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Whisk_ddff8b94a15e8ec9161471881228ee9edr-1024x559.jpeg\" alt=\"Best Estimating Software for Construction: detailed construction estimate report generated by estimating software\" class=\"wp-image-1860\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Whisk_ddff8b94a15e8ec9161471881228ee9edr-1024x559.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Whisk_ddff8b94a15e8ec9161471881228ee9edr-300x164.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Whisk_ddff8b94a15e8ec9161471881228ee9edr-768x419.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Whisk_ddff8b94a15e8ec9161471881228ee9edr.jpeg 1408w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Estimating software generates professional construction cost reports.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>best estimating software for construction<\/strong> helps contractors perform digital takeoffs, calculate project costs, and prepare competitive bids efficiently. Platforms such as PlanSwift, ProEst, Bluebeam Revu, STACK, and CostX offer powerful estimating tools for different types of contractors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By combining modern estimating software with structured estimating workflows, contractors can improve bid accuracy, reduce errors, and increase project profitability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">FAQ Section<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is the best estimating software for construction?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Popular options include PlanSwift, ProEst, Bluebeam Revu, STACK, and CostX. The best software depends on company size, project complexity, and estimating needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What does construction estimating software do?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Construction estimating software calculates project costs, performs digital takeoffs, tracks material quantities, and generates contractor bid proposals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is estimating software necessary for contractors?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Yes. Estimating software improves cost accuracy, speeds up bid preparation, and helps contractors manage construction budgets effectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can estimating software perform quantity takeoffs?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Most modern construction estimating software includes digital takeoff tools that measure material quantities directly from construction drawings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Do contractors still outsource estimating services?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Yes. Many contractors outsource estimating services to professional estimating companies when handling complex projects or tight bid deadlines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Resources<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.bls.gov<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>National Institute of Building Sciences<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nibs.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nibs.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>American Society of Civil Engineers<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.asce.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.asce.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Engineering News-Record<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.enr.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.enr.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Author Bio<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Phoenix Estimations Team<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Phoenix Estimations is a professional construction cost estimating company providing quantity takeoff, material takeoff, and estimating services for contractors, developers, and architects across North America. Our expert estimators help construction professionals prepare accurate bids, reduce cost overruns, and improve project planning.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction The best estimating software for construction helps contractors calculate project costs, perform quantity takeoffs, and prepare accurate bids. These digital tools replace manual spreadsheets and allow estimators to measure materials, calculate labor costs, and generate professional estimates quickly. Construction projects require precise cost calculations to remain profitable. Estimating software helps contractors avoid errors, control [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1858,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1857","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-construction-estimation"],"rttpg_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Whisk_a956fe180d4fdd0ab934aaf453a1f5ccdr.jpeg",1408,768,false],"landscape":["https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Whisk_a956fe180d4fdd0ab934aaf453a1f5ccdr.jpeg",1408,768,false],"portraits":["https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Whisk_a956fe180d4fdd0ab934aaf453a1f5ccdr.jpeg",1408,768,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Whisk_a956fe180d4fdd0ab934aaf453a1f5ccdr-150x150.jpeg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Whisk_a956fe180d4fdd0ab934aaf453a1f5ccdr-300x164.jpeg",300,164,true],"large":["https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Whisk_a956fe180d4fdd0ab934aaf453a1f5ccdr-1024x559.jpeg",1024,559,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Whisk_a956fe180d4fdd0ab934aaf453a1f5ccdr.jpeg",1408,768,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Whisk_a956fe180d4fdd0ab934aaf453a1f5ccdr.jpeg",1408,768,false]},"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"AdminPhoenixBlogs","author_link":"https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/blog\/author\/adminphoenixblogs\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"<a href=\"https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/blog\/category\/construction-estimation\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Construction Estimation<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"Introduction The best estimating software for construction helps contractors calculate project costs, perform quantity takeoffs, and prepare accurate bids. These digital tools replace manual spreadsheets and allow estimators to measure materials, calculate labor costs, and generate professional estimates quickly. Construction projects require precise cost calculations to remain profitable. Estimating software helps contractors avoid errors, control&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1857","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1857"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1857\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1868,"href":"https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1857\/revisions\/1868"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1858"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1857"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1857"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phoenixestimations.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1857"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}